Read Literature, Learn an Age

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  “The discovery has been made that a literary work is not a mere play of the imagination, the isolated caprice of an excited brain, but a transcript of contemporary manners and customs and the sign of a particular state of intellect. The conclusion derived from this is that, through literary monuments, we can retrace the way in which men felt and thought many centuries ago.” Hippolyte Adolphe Taine (1863) “Introduction to the History of English Literature”

Ancient-cart Problems

Long before Insta-cart and associated problems, there were Ancient-cart problems. Around 55 BC, Cicero sent a friend to buy statues one might see at a gymnasium (athletes) and some paintings. Cicero gets a bill indicating that his friend overspent the budget. On what? Further investigation reveals, well. . . Here are excerpts from a letter: 


“But, my dear Gallus, everything would have been easy, if you had bought the things I wanted, and only up to the price that I wished. . . I fully understand that you have displayed zeal and affection in purchasing (because you thought them worthy of me) things which pleased yourself. . . for there is absolutely none of those purchases that I care to have. But you, being unacquainted with my habits, have bought four or five of your selection at a price at which I do not value any statues in the world. . . . To begin with, I should never have considered the Muses worth all that money . . . But Bacchæ! What place is there in my house for them? But you will say, they are pretty. I know them very well and have often seen them. I would have commissioned you definitely in the case of statues known to me, if I had decided on them. . . . What, again, have I, the promoter of peace, to do with a statue of Mars? I am glad there was not a statue of Saturn also: for I should have thought these two statues had brought me debt! I should have preferred some representation of Mercury: I might then, I suppose, have made a more favourable bargain with Arrianus. You say you meant the table—stand for yourself; well, if you like it, keep it.” 


The paintings could not be found. Solomon was right: there is nothing new under the sun.

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